Sostacâ„¢ E-Marketing Plan

What is SOSTACâ„ ¢ ? The SOSTAC Planning System is one of the most powerful planning systems ever developed. Simple but extremely effective, as it contains all the ingredients vital for the perfect marketing plan. Whether a blue chip, like IBM and BT, or small business, professionals who discover SOSTAC Planning System embrace it for life. This method will help you to create, write and develop your marketing plan by breaking down into six elements: Situation analysis, Objectives, Strategy, Tactics, Action and Control. How does it work on B2B company e-marketing plan? 1.Situation analysis Internal audits Current internet marketing audit (business, marketing and internet marketing effectiveness) Audience composition and characteristics Reach of web site, contribution to sales and profitability Suitability of resources to deliver online services in face of competition External audits Marco-economic environment Micro-environment C new marketplace structures, predicted customer activit y Competition C threats from existing rivals, new companies and intermediaries Assess opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis) Markets and product positioningMethods of creation of digital value and detailed statement of customer value poposition 2. Objective analysis corporate objectives of online marketing detailed objective; tangileb and intangible benefits online value promotion 3. Strategy definition investment and commitment to online channels market and product positioning target market strategies C statement of prioritized segments, new segments, online value proposition and differential advantage, significance of non-customer audiences? Change management strategy 4. Tactics Product. Promotion Price Place People 5. Actions SpecifyTasks Resource Partnering and outsourcing Budget including cost for development, promotion and maintenance Staff Implement Risk assessment Legal issues Team organization and responsibilities Development and maintenance process 6. Control Identify a measurement process and metrics covering: Business contribution (channel profitability C revenue, costs, return on investment) Marketing effectiveness (channel outcomes C leads, sales, conversion, rate, channel satisfaction) Online marketing effectiveness (channel behavior C page impressions, visitors, repeat visits, conversion rates)

Interagency disaster management Essay

Introduction The term â€Å"disaster† has only transient significance. It is a set off, a flag to signal a meaning, a spur to produce a specific reaction. Yet it has almost no significance for the activities that are carried out under the marque of a disastrous event. Disasters do not cause effects. The effects are what we call a disaster (Dombrowsky 1998, 21). No disaster â€Å"works† and an earthquake is not anything more than shock waves, never a fist that hits a city. The term that â€Å"a disaster strikes† is as wrong as saying â€Å"the winds blow,† as there is no separate process that swells the cheeks to rage. Wind is air in explicit motion, not a separate being that makes the air move. In a definite way, it is the same with disasters: there is no difference between a disaster and its effects. And to cope with disaster, Disaster Management came into existence. Crozier and Friedberg characterize a Disaster Management organization as a â€Å"merger of human beings with the aim to solve their vital problems† (1979:12). The capabilities of the organization for problem-solving, however, develop step by step from those solutions that have been successful in the first place. Read more:  Sharing Responsibility During Disaster Disaster Management, as Crozier and Friedberg put it, and then lean to organize themselves around their success. In the long run, the successful solutions particularly have to be defended against competitors and envy. Thus, the operation of organizations leans to turn into a hedgehog position. Progressively, the operation of the organization is transferred into the centre of the efforts of its members. at that time, an organization has turned to selfishness. Its only interests are self-preservation; the organization is controlling itself, with the original reason for its establishment being turned into a subordinate, accessory matter. Simultaneously, the discernment of reality changes from a creative, problem-oriented awareness, toward a cynical, solution-oriented persistence. Instead of scanning for upcoming problems, the self-preserving organization describes reality within the framework of its available resolutions. The interest is less in focusing on potential solutions for upcoming problems, but more on the applicability of the available solutions. This shift is significant because it marks a difference in the ways of perceiving the world. The primary way is analyzing the problem in favour of finding a passable solution. Thus, basic aim of interagency disaster management is not to focus on the fundamental problems of the victims, but on the solutions they have at hand or can offer. Reality then is completely seen from one approach; the solution defines the problem, and deductively, reality. â€Å"Disaster management † are mainly defined this way. The cases where warm clothing was sent to African famines or thousands of tons of contraceptives or cough mixtures were sent to mass victim situations are not only mistakes, but the rational outcome of the inner dynamics of self-preserving organizations. The concept is characteristically used in disaster medicine and in emergency planning for nuclear accidents. Also directly influenced by practice are those conceptualizations of disaster that are built along the distinctive planning and action systems of emergency management. Successful community-based and participatory approaches to disaster management often distinguish local human capacity as well as susceptibility. Empowering those most pretentious by disaster through a role in management, planning and response can have psychosocial and practical gains. People exposed to disaster might have come close to death, which might shake their belief in themselves and their principles to the foundations. Life might be perceived as chaos, diminishing their ability to respond adequately to the new situation, manage their lives and meet basic needs. Rebuilding the foundation will form meaning from chaos, and much of the foundation in life is build on human relations.

Swimming class at school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Swimming class at school - Essay Example The students who were waiting waited much longer for the next activity to start than they do during transition periods. This is because the class is not running for only one student. Also, they all will learn how to be patient until everyone finishes each exercise. And the teachers need to provide equity in making every student involved in learning the methods of freestyle and diving in the class.The teachers administrated the management of the class, which was a very small portion of the total time. They were not trying to rush them while teaching freestyle and diving in right manner because all the students have their own pace of learning how to swim. The only problems they control are the ones that are a threat to their safety in the water. The students are pretty young, so they don’t need to be taught how to swim like skilled and professional swimmers. It is just when the teachers feel that the students are getting in trouble such as signs of overactivity, accident, injury or drowning in the water, then they will call for the student’s attention to tell them to behave or to stop doing their activity to deal with their issues.The longest portion among the categories is practice, which was given to the students by the teachers. They organized, prepared, and distributed freestyle and diving techniques, as well as drills such as individual or group practice and self-initiated skill practice or they, give a test to them. Finally, the teachers asked their students to do a 7-minute warm up at the beginning of the class.

Culture's impact on a leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Culture's impact on a leader - Essay Example Notwithstanding this observation, Venezuela could also benefit from being a collectivistic society compared to Germany’s individualistic. In the interview conducted with the colleague from Venezuela, people in this country tend to measure success based on the quality of life as opposed to personal achievements. The results from this interview were confirmed by Hofstede’s results whereby the level of individualism in Venezuela is a low 12, meaning it is more of a collectivistic society. As a result, a leader in Venezuela understands that their success will be determined mainly by the impact they cause on others. In contrast, Germany is individualistic and tends to elevate competition. Being a German, the result is factual and has been backed by Hofstede’s 67 scores.Mostly, a leader in Venezuela could be limited if they do not understand that the power distance is high, meaning employees might not freely relate with them. Consequently, the concerns and opinions rai sed by the workers might not be taken seriously. On the other hand, the Germans can help their leader because of the interaction boosted by the culture of equality. Nonetheless, the Germans’ tendency to be individualistic might be detrimental to teamwork when competition becomes a norm. A high individualistic society tends to care primarily for close relatives alone specifically parents and spouses compared to a collectivistic one. Therefore, the level of success for leaders in both Venezuela and Germany will significantly depend on their understanding of how culture influences effectiveness.

There are no children here Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

There are no children here - Essay Example Of the two boys, Lafayette assumes the responsibility of his family’s protection and care of his mother. The project is under the control of gangs that are a source of constant threat to the family. The gangs are drug sellers and from time to time, keep involving the residents of the project in their heinous crime. The gangs also possess weapons and have made a lot of children in the neighborhood sell the drugs. Because of the gangs, children living in the project are insecure. Even if they manage to escape the hold of gangs, their future otherwise is also quite vague. The story is an excellent picture of the hidden truths of the lower class families in America. The reader is told how children in America as young and immature as thirteen years of age get involved in the business of drug dealing and violence. The story offers several points to inculcate robust understanding of the life of urban youth in America in the reader’s mind. The story covers many aspects of the s ocial attitude and activities of juveniles and explains the underlying reasons of their involvement in the domestic violence. The author has nicely conveyed the way urban youth in America is deprived of the innocence of childhood before the right age. The sort of life that prevails in the project makes the children rough and violent as the time passes. With the passage of time, their personal security becomes more important for them than to see whether the acts they involve themselves in are ethically justified or not. The story also tells that these deprived children can not be underestimated despite all of their sorrows and failures. This is evident from the fact that Pharaoh shows considerable growth and excellence in his studies, when he is provided with a chance. The author has also pointed towards a harsh reality pertaining to the injustice in America. People in authority that are allotted funds for the improvement of the conditions of the housing project use the funds for per sonal gains, and do not do their job. Much of the mess in the project can be attributed to the insincerity and carelessness of the personnel representative of the Chicago Housing Authority. Children of the project suffer because of lack of parental care and nonexistence of role models in their life. To conclude, the story sufficiently explains the effects of greed of the people in authority over the society. Alex Kotlowitz has revealed a unique side of American culture that is conventionally portrayed as very advanced culture with a well cultivated system of justice. This is true that children do require parental care at least for the period when they have not reached adulthood. Lack of parental care exposes a child to innumerable social threats. Also, children who are not able to enjoy their childhood completely mature before the right age. Hence, they become susceptible to falling prey to various odds of the society. In order to grow children into responsible citizens as adults, i t is imperative that they are offered adequate nurturing and grooming when they are in their learning and growing stage. Without the care and supervision of the adults, and with all the insecurity in the neighborhood of gangsters, future of innocent children can not be deemed secure, and they may end up becoming criminals. The author has made use of reliable sources to make his argument that adds to the validity of information, and

Concideration of fraud in an audit Research Paper

Concideration of fraud in an audit - Research Paper Example FRAUD Fraud is a word used in broader concepts and approaches. It basically refers to any illegal action characterized by deceit and concealment which isn’t conducted under any violence, force or threat. The aim of every fraudulent activity is an undue advantage which could be institutional or personal. (Flostoiu.2012) Characteristics of Fraud: Fraud results in victim that loses a benefit because of the criminal’s fraud. It is represented by a series of illegal actions and irregularities which are all planned with the intention to deceive. Fraud is also referred to activities which involve concealment of information that was to be revealed by an obligation and intended omission of certain information or documents including misstatements and misrepresentation of information. Fraud also includes falsification of financial situations, corruption and theft. It is always important to distinguish between a fraud and error. The results of both error and fraud could be the same , but fraud is committed intentionally while error happens unintentionally. (Flostoiu.2012) Fraud Triangle Theory: A fraud triangle is a model which discloses the factors found in fraudsters at all levels of organization. This theory researched about the factors that force honest people to commit fraud. These factors could be summed as Pressure/Incentive, Opportunity and Rationalization that put an individual in a position to conduct fraud. (Dorminey, Scott, Kranacher & Riley. 2010) In a Fraud Triangle pressure refers to situations that put mental pressure/incentive on an individual which forces him to commit fraud. These situations could include excessive credit card debts, gambling debts, extended unemployment, family or peer pressures, unbearable expenditures and financial difficulties etc. For an auditor, pressure is difficult to identify in a fraudster as there is no personal interaction with him. (Dorminey, Scott, Kranacher & Riley. 2010) Opportunity as the word suggests, is a n instance where the fraudster finds a loophole in the controls which prevent fraud. An employee usually finds a chance where he can commit fraud without being detected. This opportunity for an employee can arise from weak internal controls and inability of frauds being detected, lack of training, weak ethical culture where honesty in doing business isn’t considered a priority and lack of supervision etc. Most opportunities arising situations for fraud include lack of internal controls like segregation of duties not being implemented properly. (Dorminey, Scott, Kranacher & Riley. 2010) Rationalization refers to that state of mind where the fraudster convinces himself that whatever fraud he has committed was either not wrong or even it was wrong it an be corrected later on by returning the money or compensating for it. Another state of rationalization is found when a fraudster convinces himself that he deserves the stolen money. The reason for this rationalization could be the unfair treatment in the organization like a recent promotion or increment not being offered which forces him to believe that has been victimized. (Kassem, Rasha, & Higson, Andrew. 2012) Recent researchers have extended the Fraud Triangle and added a fourth factor to the triangle making it as a diamond. This factor is the capability of the fraudster to conduct fraud. Capabilities include the traits of the fraudster i.e. in presence of the three factors of fraud

ACG Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ACG Group - Essay Example Earnings per Share Earnings Per Share (EPS) is one of the commonly used and defines the amount of money that a business pays per share of its ordinary stock. The ratio is a significant indicator of returns on investors’ money and influences interest in organizations’ stock prices. It is computed by subtracting preference share earnings from net income after tax and dividing the remaining amount by the number of ordinary shares for an organization. The EPS is a strong profitability indicator because it is a derivative of profits. Baxter offered EPS of $ 551 while Becton offered EPS of $ 5.69. The high EPS for Baxter than Becton suggest higher profitability at Baxter than Becton because it the organization’s net profits that influence the amount offered in EPS. The difference between values of EPS offered by the two organizations is also too wide to have occurred by chance and instead indicates differences in profitability. Observed differences in the two EPS ratio ns imply that investing in Baxter is more profitable than investing in Becton (Siddiqui, 2006). Profit rate Profit margin defines the ratio of gross profits to sales and shows an organization’s efficiency in managing its cost of goods sold.

Change over time Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Change over time - Research Paper Example Moreover, the bus transportation has an official site, http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/ that offers tourist site for the City. Price are affordable and can be accessed online via http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/tarifa_pago.html. The transportation for Rooms and Accommodation can be done in the airport even before landing to Mexico City. Moreover, there are Green Taxis, Plane and Yellow Taxis that offer lucrative experience within the City. The buses and trains also offer best transportation experience around the City. There is also bus service from Airport to downtown, bike rental in city and On Foot. The Aztec population consisted of well-treated slaves, nobles and the commons. The most updated population estimate of the City of Mexico is about 8,864,000. Mexico City is the Capital of Mexico and rated the largest in Mexico. Mexico City has the highest number of the Spanish-speaking population entire world. The population density of the City is about 15,000 people per square mile. 19 percent of the population is considered indigenous communities in search of better economic situations. Also, many migrants found expatriates and immigrants dwell in the City. The primary language in Mexico is Spanish but due to the presence of indigenous communities in the city, Nahuatl, Mazahua, Zapoteco, Otomi and Mixteco languages are additionally spoken. The people that never migrated in or out the City of Mexico have about 70 percent of that population being under 15 years old. The remaining 30 percent is under the age of 15 years. Interestingly, only about 17 percent of the population over the age of 15 years has received higher education. About 41 percent of the non-migrant population is marked economically active, that is to say, a person was looking for a job or has one already. Further, about 25 percent of the emigrants is under the age of

Dwight Eisenhower Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dwight Eisenhower - Term Paper Example ncomparable with other military leaders after him and it is only a few generals that were before that could possibly match his tremendous leadership skills. When he became the thirty-fourth President of the United States, his exemplary leadership skills played out as he efficiently carried out his obligation as the democratic leader of the US. As a result of the warnings of an impending war, Eisenhower was given the mantle to lead the Allied Forces in Europe as he became the Supreme Commander of the army alliance during the Second World War and the first supreme commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces (U.S. Army Center of Military History). It should be noted that it was his adept leadership skills that availed him this opportunity. The great General Dwight David Eisenhower is one of the greatest military leaders that history has ever known as this man was right there when the world needed his great leadership qualities as he helped save the world from the tyrannical Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler and this was achieved in collaboration with other great minds like himself. Eisenhower was a great military leader that had an unparalleled leadership quality and these attributes made him go through the ranks of the United States Military at a volatile period in world history. The period before the Second World War was a critical period in the history of the world and the United States of America and indeed a man in the mould of Eisenhower was needed to save the world from the shackles of tyranny and oppression as would have been the case if Hitler had succeeded in his bid to rule the world. Eisenhower made stern decisions that had an extensive effect on the United States and the world at large. He rose from obscurity to the platform of leadership and his ability to act as a mediator between two warring parties in the political and military spheres was top notch. As a Chief of Army Staff of the United States of America in 1945, the

Opposing Styles of Supervision Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Opposing Styles of Supervision - Research Paper Example   McGregor's Theory Y and X McGregor's Theory X says that an average person dislikes work and will avoid it as much as he/she can and therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organizational objectives whereas Theory Y says that there are people who show strong commitments towards their work and need rewards for boosting their performances further (Douglas Mcgregor - Theory X, Y, 2010). Theory X and theory Y point towards the necessitate of using contrasting management styles in an organization. In other words, a supervisor should change his strategies judiciously so that each employee will get the message that good works will be complemented whereas poor performances will be punished. For example, suppose an employee is reporting late continuously. The supervisor should give some punishment to that employee in order to motivate him to change his behavior. On the other hand, suppose another employee stay back to complete a work even after th e regular time, he should be complimented. In the first case, the employee belongs to the X category whereas in the second case, the employee belongs to the Y category. Suppose the supervisor failed to punish the employee X. X will repeat his mistake till he gets any warning or punishment from the supervisor. He may think that the organization is not much serious about late coming and therefore he can continue his behavior without any problems. Same way suppose the supervisor failed to notice the good work of Y. Y will think that he may not get any compliment or reward for his better works and there is no point in continuing that behavior. On the other hand, if the supervisor, complement the better work of Y, then he will get more energy to repeat such good works in future also. Autocratic Supervision vs. Participative Management â€Å"Authoritarian supervision, in general, is characterized by the relatively high degree of power wielded by the supervisor over the workgroup. Democra tic supervision, on the other hand, is characterized by a sharing of power through participative decision making† (Sales, n.d, p.275). In autocratic supervision, management makes all the decisions without seeking any inputs from the employees whereas, in participative management, the organization welcomes and respect the opinions of the employees while taking any decisions. It is difficult for a supervisor to remain autocratic or participative all the time. Based on the demands of the situation, the supervisor should change his supervising strategies. For example, suppose a supervisor wants to prepare an estimate for a particular project. It is better to seek the opinions of the employees about the possibilities of completing that project in the most feasible manner in order to prepare competitive estimates. It is not necessary that the supervisor may aware of all the options available for the completion of that project. The employees can advise the supervisor about the easies t and cheapest ways of completing a project so that the organization will be benefitted at the time of the preparation of the estimate and also at the time of execution of the project. On the other hand, suppose the organization wants to schedule some overtime work for finishing off some urgent work.  Ã‚  

Racing Neighbors Cause Crashing Communities Essay Example for Free

Racing Neighbors Cause Crashing Communities Essay Many neighborhoods face serious community problems because of certain factors and they have a certain effect on the people living in the communities. I live around a community where there are a lot of car street races which happen on a regular basis and it creates major chaos over the weekends. Seems like it is not a major issue, however, these street races cause major trouble to all the neighbors as it creates noise, causes accidents, creates trouble for all the stores around, for people travelling at night and so on. Every weekend, a specific parking lot in the town of Farmingdale is filled with Hot Rods, college students, high school students and even adults, not to mention, cops too. This is a huge parking lot outside a mall which has plenty of room for cars and is connected to a highway-route 110. It is the main attraction for guys and girls with hot rods. I heard a lot of stories about this location and about the races taking place there every weekend so I decided to take a look for myself before I could believe any of this. One night, I made a trip to this famous parking lot! At first, when I got to the parking lot, all I saw was a few random cars parked with some guys standing around them and talking to each other in groups. I parked my car there and stopped to watch what happens. I was extremely curious because I had only heard of these kind of scenes in movies and never thought it would be the reality. A little after 11pm, a group of cars came into the parking lot with extremely loud exhaust pipes and loud music. As they revved up the engines my adrenaline started pumping. I could not believe what my eyes saw. A large number of cars drove in and parked there. There were people of all different age groups coming in from high school students, to college students and even elderly men around the age of forty who wanted to show off their hot rods. Soon after, some drivers including female drives took their cars out into the driveway and started drifting and performing rolling burnouts to get the crowd excited. I stepped out of my car and stood there to watc h. These people were enjoying themselves with loud music, alcohol, dancing with girls and screaming and shouting. I was shocked when a few high school kids approached me to ask me  about my car because these kids were 9th graders who had sneaked out of their houses at midnight with their parents cars for these races. After around half an hour, a group of cars revved up their engines and started moving towards route 110 so I decided to follow. Once we got onto route 110 they start driving like crazy people over speeding and cutting lanes and eventually turned onto a street off route 110. This lane was completely isolated and there were barely any cars parked there so they lined up their cars there and made a roadblock at the two ends of the lane and started having drag races which made a lot of sound and obviously called in for cops. This is where the major problems from these races start. Once the cops come in, chaos occurs. These guys get into their cars and started racing off from these race sites in all different directions to avoid getting caught. They go onto the main roads and over speed causing accidents not only for themselves but even other innocent people. They also disturb so many people’s sleep at night with all the noise they create. They get into accidents, get caught and pay fines, cause trouble to other drivers on the road and so on. This is a major community problem as it attracts a lot of students in the community from not only colleges but also high schools. These kids have illegal modifications on their cars which adds to money in the black market. It also encourages many others to join this racing league which leads to accidents and deaths. There is a lot of illegal betting and gambling, underage drinking, over speeding and many such laws broken which cause serious community problems every weekend and according to me this should be checked and stopped as soon as possible!

Use of Force Essay Example for Free

Use of Force Essay Use of force can be defined as the right granted to the authority or an individual to settle conflicts through measures that are aimed at either preventing or dissuading a given party from a certain course of action or physical intervention to stop the individual(s) from taking a certain course of action. As such, use of force may be applied by the military, the police, other security personnel or corrections in an effort to stop or prevent crime. The executive branch may also exercise the use of force in such cases as deploying the military or the police in an effort to maintain law and order or to defend the sovereignty of the country in question. However, the use of force by the executive branch is dependent on political jurisdiction passed by the legislative branch. In essence, the use of force is vested in statutes in the constitution with a series of progressive actions authorizing given authorities and security bodies to apply the use of force in certain situation. Unlike the use of negotiation and conflict resolution techniques, forced is useable by a law enforcement officer if a law breaker decline from desisting a certain course of action or if he attempts to run. Use of force in this context includes physical restraint and lethal force to solve or to restrain such an individual from committing the crime. The general rule however remains that only a reasonable force maybe used and only the necessary one given the circumstances under which force is required. As such, individuals authorizing the use of force are always held accountable for the degree or the level of force employed in any given situation (Marie, 2001, p. 43). Law enforcement officers and security personnel are usually faced with varying situation in their line of duty that requires them to use force in deterring crime or even to protect themselves. An example of such a situation is when a police officer is involved in a shoot out with criminals. In such a situation, force will be required not only to deter the criminals but also for self defense. While use of force is permissible in certain circumstances, the level and the degree to which force is applied is usually limited by the circumstance in question. Security and police officers are required to use only the necessary force given a certain circumstance and are thus held responsible and accountable for force used in such circumstances. On the other hand, the degree of force applied by an officer is dependent on not only the circumstance at hand but also on how such an officer is equipped in terms of a gun, handcuffs or other equipment and tools used by law enforcement officers such as pepper spray. As opposed to police officers, security officers are not authorized to make arrests but situation may bid them to take a criminal into custody. Whether a security officer or a police officer, dealing with any situation require the application of reasonable force by avoiding excessive force under the circumstance in question (Regina, 2001, p. 38). In this regard, the officer involved is required to access the seriousness of the situation, the risk associated with such a situation and the situation immediacy. In case it is a security officer who is present in such a situation, the best action to take is to inform law enforcement authorities to take the relevant action. Diffusing any given situation requires that the police officers be well trained and informed regarding the laws applicable and especially on the use of force continuum which gives the necessary guidelines in regard to the degree of force applicable in different situations (Thomas, 2002, p. 62). The use of force continuum can be broken down to six levels that are designed in an elastic manner in the context of the need for using force given that situations keep on changing. For example, a situation may require that the level of force used bounce from level one to level two and back again in a matter of minutes or seconds. In regard to the use of force continuum, the first level includes the presence of a visible and uniformed police officer or a marked vehicle. This is usually seen as enough to stop or deter a crime. The presence of an officer here includes walking, running or standing. Also defined in the concept of presence is use of vehicle lights, speaker or a horn. In this context, the police officer is capable of stopping a crime without a word but rather through the use of gestures and body language. However, such gestures should be professional and non-threatening. The second level involves the combination of presence of an officer and the use of verbal communication to deter or stop a crime in progress. In essence, variation in voice can be used such as whispering, shouting or just normally to achieve the desired results. Officers are usually advised to start calmly in a firm but non-threatening manner. Words chosen and their intensity can be varied as deemed necessary and short commands can be used in dealing with serious situations. This level requires that a police officer be well trained in communication skills so as to be able to communicate effectively in any given situation. In essence, the use of verbal communication combined with the presence of the police officer can be able to deter or stop a crime without the need for physical force (Ian, 1998, p. 23). Level three involves the use of control holds and restraints where words and presence fails to apply. This requires the physical involvement of the police officer present in the situation. However, minimal force should be used including bare hands for guiding, restraining or holding the law breaker. Thus at this level, use of offensive moves such as punching should be avoided. The officer in question may make use of pain compliance holds where ordinary holds fail to control a suspect who is aggressive. On the other hand, the officer may make use of handcuffs where a suspect exhibits traits of aggression, where he or she poses a real threat of where such a suspect exhibits the possibility of fleeing. On the other hand, not all suspects require handcuffs and if the officer uses handcuffs, he is responsible for guiding such an individual to prevent him from falling or tripping. Great care should also be observed to avoid any bodily harm to the suspect such as positional asphyxiation. Training is therefore important to help police officers apply the necessary measures in situations that require use of control holds and restraints (Marie, 2001, p. 52). The forth level of use of force continuum involves the use of chemical agents to diffuse a crime. If the officer establishes that the suspect is threatening or violent, extreme but non violence measures can be used to control the suspect. This however is subject to the assumption that all other levels of force continuum have failed to be effective. In this regard, pepper splay or tear gas can be used to diffuse the situation. It is important to note here that proper care should be taken when using chemical agents to deter or stop a crime as such agents may cause death or severe reactions to suspects with allergic and other medical conditions. Moreover, they can cause the suspect to fall down a staircase or walk into traffic (Regina, 2001, p. 27). Level five involves measures aimed at temporary incapacitating the suspect in question. The assumption behind use of force in this level is that the circumstance was extreme, immediate and violent. The officer then can use empty hands or impact tools. In this regard, defensive and offensive moves are allowed but must be applied properly and in the right circumstances. Temporary incapacitation is useful in preventing an injury in regard to the officer and other people involved in the situation. The officer may make use of baton blows on certain joints areas or on soft tissues or use of stun gun to incapacitate the suspect long enough to handcuff him or get more help. Care must however be taken while applying any measures as some of them such as neck compressions are very risky and poses a threat to the livelihood of the suspect.

John Stuart Mills Theories On Liberty

John Stuart Mills Theories On Liberty John Stuart Mill was one of the foremost liberal theorists of the 19th century, binding modern and classical liberalism in his ideas. His defence of liberty however, has been greatly contested by traditionalist views but also highly defended by revisionist views as will be examined in his paper On Liberty (1859). Mills belief in individualism through utilitarian ethics appears contradictory and highly debated. His harms principle and his assumptions on human nature also submit to controversial views. On one hand, traditionalists condemn Mill as a highly inconsistent thinker and his work On Liberty very critical in itself, but on the other hand, revisionists see Mill as a consistent thinker who naturally refines and develops pre-existing liberal ideas. J.S. Mills father, James Mill, was a strong utilitarian theorist  [1]  . His beliefs along with the utilitarianism works of British philosopher Jeremy Bentham had a huge influence on J.S. Mill growing up  [2]  . In Mills essay On Liberty, we can examine how his defence of individualism with utilitarian contentions create critical views. Mill believes in the ethic of utilitarianism in that the state and individuals ought to be judged by their ability and action to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people  [3]  , however as traditionalists see it, attaining the utmost social good involves forfeiting certain individuals and sacrificing their happiness  [4]  , because happiness of a majority is greater than the happiness of a few individuals. Thus, the rudiment of utilitarianism is in dispute with Mills beliefs in individuality and self-development. In On Liberty, Mill defends freedom of the individual against tyranny of the majority  [5]  where dominant groups, more so the dominance of public opinion, inhibits lesser individuals  [6]  . Mills objection to the majority of society excluding the minority contradicts his utilitarian ethic. 19th Century English critic James Fitzjames Stephen condemns Mills endeavour to defend individual liberty from a utilitarian viewpoint by arguing that, if the fundamental value for utilitarianism is to effectively enhance happiness of a society to the greatest extent, then a consistent utilitarian policy of social betterment will not be especially tender toward individual liberty  [7]  , the interest of the majority outweigh the rights of the individual minority. Stephen views that utilitarian principles pursues social welfare through restricting opinions of some members of society  [8]  and that individualism cannot be viewed with a utilitarian ethic J.S. Mill attempts to do. On the other hand, revisionists argue that such traditionalist views are misinterpreted and that Mills contradictions with utilitarianism is a natural development of his utilitarian predecessors achievements  [9]  and his work not entirely incoherent. In Rem B. Edwards view, Mill is a minimizing utilitarian and that the principle of utility does not impose on individuals the moral obligation to maximize utility  [10]  , but focuses on happiness alone as the ultimate standard of value governing all human areas of practice.  [11]  In On Liberty, Mill regards utility as the ultimate appeal on all ethical questions; but it must be utility in the largest sense, grounded on the permanent interests of a man as a progressive being.  [12]  That is to say, Mills believes that utilitarianism is principle of the higher pleasures, and that freedom of choice, reflective thought and active imagination is a vital ingredient to human happiness.  [13]  For Mill, diversity of opinio n leads to positive social good, therefore overlooking the minority and silencing their opinions deprives the human race, posterity as well as the existing generation.  [14]  For revisionists, Mill as a utilitarian is not essentially inconsistent if he knowingly sacrifices some utility for the sake of a fair distribution of the utility that remains.  [15]   J.S. Mills notorious principle of liberty, the harms principle has also been disputed by traditionalist and revisionist views. In chapter four of On Liberty, Mill argues that peoples actions ought not to be as free as opinions and should be limited if they are a nuisance to other people  [16]  . He states that the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.  [17]  Traditionalist criticizes Mills harm principle because Mill leaves room to suggest that it would be acceptable to limit liberty anytime if it could harm society in anyway. By making harm to others a legitimate reason for state interference, the legitimate powers of the state could extend and outweigh the need to value individuality.  [18]   Another traditionalist indictment against Mills principle of liberty is towards his account that actions should only be restricted if those actions are other-regarding and effect other people, and not if those actions are self-regarding, which affect only the individual themselves and therefore should be exercised with absolute freedom  [19]  . The traditionalist criticize that we cannot clearly distinguish between the two actions Mill propose, as it is inevitable that peoples actions affect others because people are not entirely secluded, therefore in theory any individual act can cause harm to others. As Fitzjames Stephen puts it, I think that the attempt to distinguish between self-regarding acts and acts which regard others, is like an attempt to distinguish between acts which happen in time and acts which happen in space. Every act happens at some time and in some place, and in like manner every act that we do either does or may affect both ourselves and others. I think, the refore, that the distinction (which, by the way, is not at all a common one) is altogether fallacious and unfounded.  [20]   In response to traditionalist criticism, revisionists attempt to clarify self-regarding acts and other-regarding acts. In J.C. Reeses essay, A Re-reading of Mill on Liberty, he distinguishes other-regarding actions to affect other peoples interests in their moral rights, that of liberty and security.  [21]  Therefore, the harm to others implied in On Liberty refers to the harm of an individuals moral interests, resulting in injustice towards the individual.  [22]  As such, revisionist argue that self-regarding actions can be clearly distinguished from other-regarding actions and support Mills harm principle in that actions can be restricted if they are injurious to the moral rights of security and liberty of other people. The significant notion about human nature Mill makes in On Liberty, is how people can best understand and learn about their own opinions and activities from accepting challenging and opposing opinions and arguing against them. One can only faithfully understand their opinion by defending it.  [23]  This belief, based on the social utility of the individual is significantly disputed by traditionalists who argue people may not be able to best understand their opinions and values from dissent. For example, people who have different vocabulary for discussing moral and political issues may simply argue past each other, rather than challenge opposing opinions and therefore a diversity of opinions may not be socially beneficiary as it cannot increase utility, or happiness, which Mill defends as the essence of liberty.  [24]  Mills claim about the need for dissent in order to truly understand ones own opinions is hereby less convincing. It is easy to see how J.S. Mills defence of liberty is highly contentious in views. As explained in this essay, Mills prominent works such as On Liberty, gather traditionalist criticism as well as revisionist support. While traditionalists criticize Mills defence of liberty from a utilitarian ethic, revisionists encourage us to respect Mills work as a distinct process of developing liberalism. Mill refuses to accept fully the utilitarian principles inherited from his father and Bentham, nor reject them for his belief in individual sovereignty  [25]  , but rather attempts to settle the two antagonistic viewpoints to defend liberty.

Science and Morality in Shelleys Frankenstein - Consequences of Technology :: Frankenstein essays

The Consequences of Technology Revealed in Shelley's Frankenstein      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, written in the late nineteenth century, the author proposes that knowledge and technology can be dangerous to individuals and all of humanity.   Frankenstein was one of the first cautionary tales about scientific research.   Shelley's novel offers profound insight of the consequences of morally insensitive scientific and technological research.    Learn from me. . . at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how   much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow (Shelley 101)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The popular belief of how Frankenstein came to be written derives from Shelley herself, who explains in an introduction to the novel that she, her husband Percy Shelly, and Lord Byron set themselves the task of creating ghost stories during a short vacation at a European villa.   According to Shelley, the short story she conceived was predicated of the notion as the eighteenth became the nineteenth century that electricity could be a catalyst of life.   In her introduction she recalls the talk about Erasmus Darwin, who had preserved a piece of vermicelli in a glass case, till by some extraordinary means it began to move with voluntary motion," (Joseph vii).   The extraordinary means forms the basis for Frankenstein.   Many people also believe that a nightmare that Mary Shelley had could also be partly responsible for the creation of the novel.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the time the novel was written, England was on the brink of leading the Industrial revolution in Europe.   The experiments of Huntsman (crucible steel manufacture), Newcome (steam-powered pumps), and Cochrane (coal tar production) throughout the eighteenth century in England were decisive in the initial transformation of England into an industrialized country (Burke 137, 173, 195).   The emerging age of technology appears to have found followers throughout the culture and to have become firmly reinforced by the time   Frankenstein was written.   Eric Rabkin (author), says that in England early in the eighteenth century, "there exist a populous discourse community that accepted the rhetoric of science" (Rabkin 39).   This rhetoric has proof extending back to the English Renaissance. Those sensitive to change and those prepared to embrace a rhetoric of change need not be scientists.   While scientists address a discourse community of scientists, novelists   Ã‚   address a wider discourse community of the literate.   If we can accept the earlier   argument that science and poetry are not ontologically antagonistic, then we might well hope to find fictional uses of the rhetoric of science . Science and Morality in Shelley's Frankenstein - Consequences of Technology :: Frankenstein essays The Consequences of Technology Revealed in Shelley's Frankenstein      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, written in the late nineteenth century, the author proposes that knowledge and technology can be dangerous to individuals and all of humanity.   Frankenstein was one of the first cautionary tales about scientific research.   Shelley's novel offers profound insight of the consequences of morally insensitive scientific and technological research.    Learn from me. . . at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how   much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow (Shelley 101)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The popular belief of how Frankenstein came to be written derives from Shelley herself, who explains in an introduction to the novel that she, her husband Percy Shelly, and Lord Byron set themselves the task of creating ghost stories during a short vacation at a European villa.   According to Shelley, the short story she conceived was predicated of the notion as the eighteenth became the nineteenth century that electricity could be a catalyst of life.   In her introduction she recalls the talk about Erasmus Darwin, who had preserved a piece of vermicelli in a glass case, till by some extraordinary means it began to move with voluntary motion," (Joseph vii).   The extraordinary means forms the basis for Frankenstein.   Many people also believe that a nightmare that Mary Shelley had could also be partly responsible for the creation of the novel.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the time the novel was written, England was on the brink of leading the Industrial revolution in Europe.   The experiments of Huntsman (crucible steel manufacture), Newcome (steam-powered pumps), and Cochrane (coal tar production) throughout the eighteenth century in England were decisive in the initial transformation of England into an industrialized country (Burke 137, 173, 195).   The emerging age of technology appears to have found followers throughout the culture and to have become firmly reinforced by the time   Frankenstein was written.   Eric Rabkin (author), says that in England early in the eighteenth century, "there exist a populous discourse community that accepted the rhetoric of science" (Rabkin 39).   This rhetoric has proof extending back to the English Renaissance. Those sensitive to change and those prepared to embrace a rhetoric of change need not be scientists.   While scientists address a discourse community of scientists, novelists   Ã‚   address a wider discourse community of the literate.   If we can accept the earlier   argument that science and poetry are not ontologically antagonistic, then we might well hope to find fictional uses of the rhetoric of science .

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Knights Tale :: Chaucer Knights Tale Essays

Chaucer's Knight's Tale: Now you See it, Now you Don't  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Matthean discourse on sin and the kingdom of heaven, Jesus says, "And if your eye causes you to sin, pluck it out and throw it from you; it is better for you to enter life with one eye than with two eyes to be thrown into the hell of fire." (Matt.19.9). Yet this homily is perhaps better known through the compressed poetry of the King James translation. "If thine eye offend thee, pluck it out." Grahically and even grotesquely materialized, the "eye" is that which offends, that which slides, with terrible corporeality, from the body to the table. In this proverb of the visual, "it" or that which requires excision in the offense, is the self, in an erasure of exteriority. There is no object, no objective "it" that offends. The gaze and its object are coterminous: the eye becomes the screen, the site of truth--both agent and vehicle of retributive justice. Vision never leaves the body, but sits at its margins--or only leaves it when the eye is thrown away, and the world becomes en capsulated in a broader metaphoric range: myself, the hole where my eye was, and the eye lying across the room. I begin with this embodied proverb, in part because it troubles, and has always troubled me, rising in the dark with its self-reflexive and impossible logic. It also haunts the margins of all discourse on vision, informing the point of slippage between self and object we look on, the trap, as Lacan writes, of the gaze (93). In his moving seminaires on the eye and the gaze, Lacan speaks of the all-seeing spectacle of the world, the inside-out structure of the gaze that fixes us in front of what we see (75): "What determines me, at the most profound level, in the visible, is the gaze that is outside." (106) Unlike the it of the Matthean proverb, Lacan's eye stands apart from the interplay between subject and object, the ocelli as distinct from the gaze; yet both texts seem to describe the act of vision in terms of a radical discontinuity between what we see and the self that perceives it: both have us fixed before a world--and in Matthew we respond like Oedipus, with self-castration. In Chaucer's Knigtht's Tale, a tale rich in overlays of visual narratives, one of the first accounts of the operations of the gaze effects a similar kind of inversion, one fully authorized by medieval amatory metaphysics.

Althusser - A Critique :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites With the exception of Nietzsche, no other madman has contributed so much to human sanity as has Louis Althusser. He is mentioned twice in the Encyclopaedia Britannica as someone's teacher. There could be no greater lapse: for two important decades (the 60s and the 70s), Althusser was at the eye of all the important cultural storms. He fathered quite a few of them. This newly-found obscurity forces me to summarize his work before suggesting a few (minor) modifications to it. (1) Society consists of practices: economic, political and ideological. Althusser defines a practice as: "Any process of transformation of a determinate product, affected by a determinate human labour, using determinate means (of production)" The economic practice (the historically specific mode of production) transforms raw materials to finished products using human labour and other means of production, all organized within defined webs of inter-relations. The political practice does the same with social relations as the raw materials. Finally, ideology is the transformation of the way that a subject relates to his real life conditions of existence. This is a rejection of the mechanistic worldview (replete with bases and superstructures). It is a rejection of the Marxist theorization of ideology. It is a rejection of the Hegelian fascist "social totality". It is a dynamic, revealing, modern day model. In it, the very existence and reproduction of the social base (not merely its expression) is dependent upon the social superstructure. The superstructure is "relatively autonomous" and ideology has a central part in it - see entry about Marx and Engels and entry concerning Hegel. The economic structure is determinant but another structure could be dominant, depending on the historical conjuncture. Determination (now called over-determination - see Note) specifies the form of economic production upon which the dominant practice depends. Put otherwise: the economic is determinant not because the practices of the social formation (political and ideological) are the social formation's expressive epiphenomena - but because it determines WHICH of them is dominant. (2) People relate to the conditions of existence through the practice of ideology. Contradictions are smoothed over and (real) problems are offered false (though seemingly true) solutions. Thus, ideology has a realistic dimension - and a dimension of representations (myths, concepts, ideas, images). There is (harsh, conflicting) reality - and the way that we represent it both to ourselves and to others.

Head & Shoulder Marketing Essay

Benefits that consumers get when using Head & Shoulders Anti Dandruff (H&S) shampoo include eliminating dandruff, leaving consumer with 100% flake free hair, nourished and healthy scalp and also oiliness control over their hair. Apart from that, consumers using H&S shampoo can solve any scalp itchiness associated with dandruff. Besides that, the menthol content in the shampoo gives consumer a cooling effect and refreshing after washing their hair (The Benefits of H&S 2011). The H&S Anti dandruff shampoo bottle is a white rectangular shaped bottle with a royal blue upper part where the cover is, having a few different colored strips on it depending on the variant of the product. Using attractive white and royal blue as its base packaging and also freshness essence helps create a positive impression for consumers. The labeling of this product can be found at the back of the bottle. It includes some information for the consumer such as a direction on how to use the shampoo to achieve the best result and also a caution part where consumers are reminded of their safety when using the shampoo. Furthermore, the labeling includes additional information and reminder to consumers that this product helps fight five signs of dandruff which are flakes, itchiness, dryness, oiliness and irritation. Lastly, a list of ingredients used for the shampoo can be found in the labeling and also information of H&S’s manufacture- Procter and Gamble. H&S shampoo has a unique feature that is it is rich in Pyrithione Zinc (PTZ), the only active ingredient, which is highly effective at fighting and also preventing dandruff symptoms because of its anti-fungal properties. With PTZ, H&S created HydraZinc complex which is found in all H&S products. This formula allows consumers to control and also act on dandruff quickly (Our formula, 2011). Other than that, the ActiZinc formula which adds natural cool menthol to H&S’s menthol shampoo gives consumer a cooling and refreshed effect after washing their hair as mentioned earlier (Refreshing 2011). Due to H&S shampoo is a convenience product, there are no extra services consumer get from this product but online members of Procter & Gamble are able to enjoy free samples of H&S Anti Dandruff shampoo and also free expert tips and advice of everyday life (Coupons, Samples and Savings, 2011). As for product classification, H&S Anti Dandruff shampoo is a consumer product and normally bought by consumers  for personal use. Consumers, especially those with dandruff symptoms, are willing to spend some time in looking for the availability of this product because of its unique function in treating dandruff. In the anti dandruff shampoo market, H&S has a few competitors such as Clear anti dandruff shampoo and Sunsilk anti dandruff shampoo, which are considered as acceptable substitute products for consumers. Normally brand conscious and loyal customers would spend more time in seeking this product before they turn to other brands or even do not buy at all compared to normal consumers. H&S anti dandruff shampoo comes with 11 varieties in the market based on consumer needs. The product is also divided into regular or menthol content. Each product has 3 SKUs (Stock-Keeping Unit) consisting 80ml, 200ml and 380ml. The introduction of PTZ formula into the product has differentiated H&S Anti Dandruff from other anti dandruff shampoos. 1.2 Current Pricing In Malaysia, anti-dandruff shampoo’s market is slightly saturated with a number of sellers of different brands; therefore H&S shampoo is in a monopolistic competition market. This is the case because there are different brands offering products with the same function and almost similar price as H&S. Examples of the competitors are Sunsilk Anti Dandruff shampoo, Pantene Anti Dandruff 2 in 1 shampoo, Clear Anti Dandruff Scalp Oil Control shampoo and also Dove Anti Dandruff shampoo (Shampoo Catalogue 2011). A change in price of this product would definitely change consumers’ demand but preference is also a factor in this case. An increase in price will lead to a slight decrease in the quantity demanded although there are available substitute products with the same function but some consumers will still prefer H&S. An example on how the product’s price can affect its volume is shown when Procter & Gamble with the intention of increasing sales volume of H&S in India cuts down the products prices (Sharma Shailaja 2011). The current price of the product is slightly higher than all its competitors in the market, close to around Ringgit Malaysia (RM) 1.00. Consumers of H&S Anti Dandruff shampoo normally based their purchase decision on the quality and feature of this product. It is clear that this product costs higher than its competitors, the reason why consumers choose this product because of its effectiveness in treating dandruff issues and most victims of dandruff symptoms find this product a solution to their problems. Besides that, the  company has successfully linked H&S shampoo’s to anti dandruff through its advertisement. This creates a brand image among consumers that when it comes to dandruff they would refer it to H&S shampoo. This established brand image also plays a part in influencing consumers’ purchasing decision. Business’s costs are not very important when pricing this product because Procter and Gamble (P&G), a multinational company has 12 different hair care brands under it and also other products (Hair Care Brands 2011), because of P&G’s products diversification, the pricing of H&S is not based on the business’s costs. H&S is using price-quality inference strategy therefore it has a higher price compared to other brands. 1.3 Current Distribution This product is available for consumers in many locations around Malaysia. In Miri, there are a few locations and shops where this product can be found. At Bintang Plaza, convenience stores such as Guardian and Watsons are selling the product and also hypermarkets such as Giant Hypermarket and Survey Hypermarket. Supermarkets selling H&S Anti Dandruff shampoo are the GK supermarket at Curtin University and also the Pick & Save Mart found at the shop lots in Senadin area, Miri (Supermarkets Directory 2011). In Malaysia, Procter & Gamble (M) Sdn. Bhd. is the wholesaler of H&S shampoo and the products are imported by the company before distributing to retailers around the country. All the products are imported from Procter & Gamble (Thailand) Ltd. which is the manufacturer for H&S shampoos of Malaysia and the Philippines (Manufacturers 2011). However, consumers who wish to buy directly from the wholesaler could do so but normally very few would go by this mean because of the availability of the products in most stores and online purchasing services. The factor that influences the wide distribution of this product includes the price of the product which is low and affordable for most consumers and also a convenience product. Apart from that, another characteristic is that the product comes in three bottle sizes ranging from 80ml, 200ml and 380ml. The small product size requires only a little space for display in most stores, which contributes to why it is widely distributed. 1.4 Current Promotion One of the promotional message for H&S shampoo is â€Å"All-day itch relief. Guaranteed.†. This message is promoted at the product’s official website (Head & Shoulders 2011). The message is to assure and guarantee consumers that the product will solve any itchiness or similar kind of issues on their hair. The other promotional message of the brand is â€Å"100% flake-free† that is found in a commercial advertisement on TV. This message is showed at the last part of the advertisement together with H&S anti dandruff shampoo bottles. The message H&S is trying to bring out is the effectiveness and confidence it has in removing dandruff or flakes on people’s hair. The promotion of this product through advertisement and also internet has the intention of establishing the brand in the market so that consumers realize the existence of such product that comes with special functions. It is obvious that H&S are using some promotional tools in promoting its product such as advertising through TV, advertising online and also discounts. The purpose of promotion is that the company wants to send a message to consumers that H&S anti dandruff shampoo is a solution for dandruff symptoms patients and people who are fed up with hair itchiness. By doing this, not only the company can establish the brand in the market but also increase sales volume as promotion can be a big tool in ensuring success. The theme of the current promotions is emphasizing on the effectiveness of H&S anti dandruff in removing dandruffs and solving itchiness on the hair. In all the promotional tools that the company uses, the company has been consistent in shaping messages that reflect the theme of the promotions. Another example of the company’s promotional tool is a slogan â€Å"I Never Knew You Had Dandruff† (List of Advertising Slogans 2011). 2.0 Segmentation Theory 2.1 Define and Explain Segmentation Market segmentation is a strategy that involves dividing a larger market into subsets of consumers with common needs. This can be done through the process of splitting potential customers into different groups, within which customers share similar interests for the goods or services offered in the market (Market Segmentation 2011). Market segmentation strategies can be developed over a wide range of characteristics found among consumers, for example one group may be identified by gender while the other group composes of consumers within a given age group (Malcolm Tatum 2011). Market  segmentation has allowed H&S to benefit from the anti dandruff market in a few ways. The first benefit gained is H&S was able to better understand consumers’ needs in the market (Rupal Jain 2011). This is shown when H&S differentiate its product and came out with H&S anti dandruff shampoo, obviously wanting to help consumers that have a need in solving dandruff issues after the company found out the problem through market segmentation. The next benefit to the brand from using segmentation strategy is H&S through understanding and focusing on the needs of customers, was able to get ahead of its competitors, in this case anti dandruff. H&S anti dandruff shampoo succeeded in being the market leader by becoming the world’s No.1 brand in anti dandruff shampoo market (About Head and shoulders 2011). The third benefit from segmentation that the brand enjoyed is consumers now buy their product because they are able to focus their marketing on consumers who are most likely to buy H&S anti dandruff shampoo. On emphasizing on the ability of the product to remove dandruff, refreshing and also prevent itchiness, H&S was able to focus particularly on a group of consumers in the market which leads to a possible higher profit from the sales to these consumers who share the same interest. In 2007, the introduction of PTZ as an active ingredient to the shampoo, which is highly effective in fighting dandruff because of its anti-fungal properties is an effort of H&S to further focus on marketing this product to its segmented market. The three benefits mentioned reflects that market segmentation is used as a strategy by H&S which has successfully benefited the brand so far. 3.0 Target Market Identification 3.1 Geographic Segmentation H&S can practice geographic segmentation for its product in Malaysia. The company should extend its product marketing into the state of Johor, the southern state of West Malaysia. The capital city of Johor is Johor Bahru and this would be the focused city for H&S, with a city size of 1.37million. A density of 7,409 per km2 makes Johor Bahru the second largest urban area in Malaysia (Introduction to Johor Bahru, 2011). The main reason H&S should target the above city mentioned is because in urban areas, consumers have higher purchasing power and are more health conscious compared to consumers from rural areas. The state of Johor has an average temperate ranging from  73 °F to 89 °F each year and has high humidity (Monthly averages for Johor Bahru, 2011). The hot and humid weather are causes for dandruff or itchiness for most people. With a high density city, hot and humid weather, Johor Bahru is a potential market to be targeted by H&S that provides refreshing and healthy hair for its users. 3.2 Demographic Segmentation Demographic factors are popular bases for segmentation analysis. Based on other markets of H&S, the target market should be focused on Generation-Y, the age group of 18-30 years old male Malaysian consumers, with middle or high income level. This target group is a group that is brand conscious and care about the health of their hair. They are willing to spend more on a product as long as the product benefits them or provides a solution to their problem. The H&S anti dandruff shampoo will be a good product to this targeted group. Not only the product has many benefits to the user, considered expensive among its competitors and fights dandruff or itchiness effectively, H&S anti dandruff shampoo gives users a healthy hair, which is suitable for those with active social life. Besides, the fact that H&S is the No.1 anti dandruff brand in the world makes it attractive to the targeted group which is brand conscious. In terms of occupation and education level in an urban area, those which will be targeted are most likely professionals, managers, officers, high school graduates, businessmen and also college students. In short, the young adults are going to be the primary target of H&S. Reference List About Head and Shoulders. 2011. Head and Shoulders. Accessed 5 April,http://www.headandshoulders.com/en-US/about-us.jspx. Benefits of Head and Shoulders. 2011. Head and Shoulder. Accessed April 4,http://www.headandshoulders.com/en-US/sevenBenefits.jspx. Coupons, Samples and Savings. 2011. Procter and Gamble Brand Sampler. Accessed 4April,https://www.pgeverydaysolutions.com/pgeds/headshoulderbrandsampler.jsp. Hair Care Brands. 2011. P&G. Accessed 5 April,http://www.pg.com/en_US/brands/beauty_grooming/index.shtml. Head and Shoulders. 2011. Accessed 5 April, http://www.headandshoulders.com/en-US/index.jspx. Introduction to Johor Bahru. 2011. Popular Places. Accessed 5 April,http://www.marimari.com/content/malaysia/popular_places/cities/johor_bahru/johor_bahru.html. Jain, Rupal. 2011. Market segmentation. 123oye. Accessed 5 April,http://www.123oye.com/. List of Advertising Slogans. 2011. Sharing The Secrets of Internet Marketing Success. 5April,http://www.nowsell.com/marketing-guide/list -of-advertising-slogans.html#Personal-Care. Manufacturers. 2011. Procter & Gamble (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.. Accessed 5 April,http://www.tradenex.com/sites/proctergamble/. Market Segmentation. 2011. The Market Segmentation Company. Accessed 5 Aprilhttp://www.marketsegmentation.co.uk/segmentation_tmsc.htm. Monthly Averages for Johor Bahru. 2011. The weather channel. Accessed 5 April,http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/MYXX0004. Murugiah, Surin. 2008. â€Å"Average household income in Malaysia.† The Edge

Methods Of Presenting Personal Information Essay

Complete the following(a) tcap commensurate regarding the four prevalent regularitys of pre displaceing in- m sever entirelyy nonp atomic number 18il teaching. Ensure you describe in distri only ifor tier the contrastive regularitys and identify the advantages and disadvantages from the persp electroshockive of the employer and interrogateee. let on and go forth examples of the written regularitys of providing individual(prenominal) in material bodyation. in that respect atomic do 18 many different ship panache that you give the bounce provide info by dint of written systems. One would be an activity form this bath include individualal expatiate, qualifications, past and pres overthrows employment, hobbies, interests, vocation reference public figure/name of meditate, references and soulfulnessal statements ( wherefore somebody is desirable for a short letter). An finish form is sent to an employer but could besides be sent to managers and somemagazi nes HR.A CV has resembling discipline to the m filming form it should ordinarily include somebodyal details, qualifications, past and redeem employment, hobbies, interests and references. A CV maintains much than information ab chequer through(p) a person rather than help questions roughly the unique(predicate) job. It states what clevernesss a person has rather than what skills a person has for a unique(predicate) job. A CV is ordinarily accompanied by a supporting garner which entrust pastce state why a person would be grave for that specific job.A letter is a piece of report that digest support a cv. It norm everyy contains specific information that whitethorn be needed for the job, an example would be if they conduct had past experience or non, if they constitute a specific qualification for the job, ect and in any case details regarding the job. The letter is ordinarily quite short and it is a ceremonial letter so it should be b tout ensemble lan guage that is usanced. The structure is usually importrated and is usually retained by the employer along with the cv.What be the advantages of the written method from the spots of the employer and referenceee?The advantages of an application form would be that you hind end put all your basic information down to an employer beforehand having an converse. The employer thus has basic information so they clear survival deal out by their past experiences or if their disposition would be commensurate for a job. It is the first point of contact between the employer and oppugnee it makes it easier for an employer to decompose tribe that be suitable for a job rather than having all of them take aft(prenominal) for converses. Almost every job that a person applies for give engage an application form this mostly comes before the reference show.A CV is a divulge guidance for a person to give details approximately themselves, it states pretty often the exact same as what an application form does, however the information is about this person rather than report about the job. Also a CV is easier for an employer to interpret what a persons genius is handle from how they suffer dress out out and written about themselves. A CV is to a greater extent in the flesh(predicate)ized and is a persons personal profile, so how they even off it out is important to an employer.The advantages of exploitation a letter to accompany a CV atomic number 18 that it is on that point to clear up anything that hasnt been put into the CV. This could be why a person is legal for that specific job, it could be giving specific details that an employer has asked for, it could be details regarding that specific job.What ar the disadvantages of the written method from the posture of the employer and questionee?The disadvantages of an application form ar if it has been hand written, the employer whitethorn non be able to render the details. Also application f orms could be belatedly to lose. It also doesnt give information about what a persons personality is ilk through round-eyed questions.The disadvantages of a CV would be that an employer may not be able to experience if they atomic number 18 the right person for the job establish on the personal information that is given through a CV, some employers prefer to yield a CV beca apply it gives information on why a person could be good for that specific job rather than what skills they have overall.The disadvantages of writing a letter could be a persons IT skills it could be that a person could nail easily confound when setting out a letter in the correct way. A person powerfulness not be able to correct any composeing mistakes if they take ont know how to use slice check. Also a person major power not be able to part with the letter to use as a template for early(a) job applications. The reck angiotensin-converting enzymer that somebody is working on major power ha ve a austere sustain problem and they might lose any work they have done because they harbort photocopied it.Describe and provide examples of the interview/ plank method of providing personal information.To have an interview is usually the 2nd symbolise of an application process it usually comes after the application form has been submitted and employer has shortlisted from a number of people. At the interview a set of questions is asked to each appli sesst and different questions could be asked based on the appli chiffonierts personal application an example of this would be their experience or their past jobs. The interview washbasin last up to an time of day and the interview would normally be with one person or it could be with a circuit board. A Panel consists of more than 3 people and most of the time each person specializes in a different atomic number 18a in the workplace. The person having the interview (the applicant) would normally have their details at the intervi ew (sometimes this could be a CV) and because after the interview they could be shortlisted for the job or they could be compargond to everybody else that attended the interview.What argon the advantages of the interview/ control board method from the offices of the employer and interviewee?The advantages of an interview/ plug-in method from an employers location can be that they can ask relatively hard questions and put the interviewee on a lower floor pressure to bet what answers they give on a lower floor pressure. They can chat how the interviewee can get by with a add-in of people all enquire different questions. If the interviewee seems to be a promising choice the things the employers preserve down could be easily compared to an otherwise(prenominal) interviewee if theres more than one person applying for that specific job.The advantages of an interview/panel method from an interviewees perspective can be if the panel are intercommunicate relatively hard questions and the interviewee can parcel out and come back with a bracing and sophisticated answer it allow record good on the notes that the panel compile down to compare to other interviewees. If the employer hypothesises that the interviewee has good communicating skills and respond correctly then it will look a slew better when the employers are evaluating the other prognosiss, if theres more than one applying for the job. If there is more than one person applying for the job that the interviewee is applying for and there are other interviewees that look nervous and one interviewee feels confident, it will give the interviewee that extra boost in the interview.What are the disadvantages of the interview/panel method from the perspective of the employer and interviewee?The disadvantages of an interview/panel method from an employers perspective can be that there might not be enough people to do a panel interview so the interviewee may have to be postponed which could make an inte rviewee more nervous because they have to wait time-consuming for their interview. A person may give out of questions to ask to see if they can cope under pressure.The interviewee might be really good at answering questions and may come across as smart headed, this could be a breastwork within the interview because it could cause an ill at ease(p) feeling in the room and could give in the panel not abstracted the interviewee working for them because of the answers they are giving. The disadvantages of an interview/panel method from an interviewees perspective can be that a person may be under a fortune of pressure in the interview room. The panel that are interviewing could be intimidating and if the interviewee went in with a confident attitude and sees that they look intimidating it may dim their confidence. An interviewee might not be able to handle the pressure of the panel and it could result in them not get the job as theyre not able to cope with the pressure.Describe a nd provide examples of the insertion method of providing personal information.A display is usually the 3rd stage of an interview process. It normally comes after the interview, the employer will shortlists all the candidates and if they cant pick they will pick them for this stage. The creation is a set topic that all applicants have to present information on based on what type of job they are applying for. The innovation will usually lasts virtually 20 minutes and it is presented to the employer or panel that is interviewing. The employer or panel will then usually ask questions at the end of the monstrance to gather any more information they might need that wasnt covered in the presentation and also to render the interviewee on their knowledge of the presentation topic. This is then a chance to for the employer to test the interviewees confidence by asking unexpected questions.What are the advantages of the presentation method from the perspectives of the employer and inte rviewee?The advantages of the presentation method from the employers point of view could be that they can see the IT skills that the interviewee has. If the language is intellectual and formal it gives the idea that they know how to word things correctly and it can be a good skill to use depending on what job they are applying for. If the presentation seems to be quite a good standard but it hasnt really covered everything needed they will be able to ask questions that are related to the presentation in confidence.The advantages of the presentation method from the interviewees perspective can be If they have really good IT skills they can put everything that they know into the presentation to show the skills that they have. If the interviewee has good conversational skills and can talk through the presentation in more detail, looking at the employers as well as rendering off their presentation it could show that they are trying to use eye contact. If the presentation is a good sta ndard but hasnt covered everything needed, they should be able to answer questions related to the presentation with confidence.What are the disadvantages of the presentation method from the perspective of the employer and interviewee?The disadvantages of the presentation method from the employers perspective could be using a presentation that could be miss leading on the interviewees IT skills because they can use tools bid appealingness checker, so its not a 100% accurate of their skills. The interviewee could have terminology impediment and could be shaky because of nerves and it could be hard to understand them properly. They could use informal language and it could look like they havent attempted to use formal language.The disadvantages of using the presentation method from an interviewees point of view could be things like they could get nervous and produce to stutter and this could have a nix effect on the evaluation on them because they arent getting what they want to hypothecate out easily. The interviewee could struggle whilst reading the presentation out because they could have used spell check and confused themselves because they may not be able to pronounce dustup correctly. If they use informal language in the presentation it could make the employers think that they have put any lying-in into the presentation and just want to get it over and done with as sprightly as possible.Describe and provide examples of the electronically-mediated methods of providing personal information.Electronically mediated communication is things like goggle box conferencing that could be a way of providing personal information. This could be a way for applicants to apply for a job if the applicant is in a different boorish to where the jb is being held. Others reasons for electronically mediated methods could be for a candidate who has work commitments or that lives in different part of rural area or out of the country. It could also be for specialists fro m other parts of the country to be part of the panel as a promotional part of the interview or application process.What are the advantages of the electronically-mediated method from the perspectives of the employer and interviewee?The advantages of using electronically-mediated perspectives from an employers perspective could be If the candidate is in another country they are able to use a movie call to see and call and an interview over a computer or phone that ables film calls. It can be used if a candidate has other work commitments and cant find the time to have a face up to face interview, an example of this is if somebody is a rejuvenate or a paramedical and cant find the time to get down to the interview.It can also be an advantage to other people on the panel because they can conjoin all icon calls together on a website so they can all see each other and speak to each other whenever it is needed. The advantages of using electronically-mediated communication from an i nterviewees perspective could be if they are in a high concern job like a doctor in a hospital, using things such as video call on a break can be useful as if they are genuinely in person in a face to face interview. Things such as email or phone calls can also be used by the interviewee to arrange an interview or answer questions asked by the employers.What are the disadvantages of the electronically-mediated method from the perspective of the employer and interviewee?The disadvantages of using electronically-mediated communication from an employers perspective could be using video calls quite of having an actual interview could be a bad idea because internet connections could break up when using a video call with more than 2 people it could slow the conversation down because of the going away of connection and it can be hard to hear or see the other person in the video call. If the employer doing the interview is from the older generation they might not be able to get the de scend of using the video call because they might not be able to understand the more technical things depending on if they are using a computer or phone.The disadvantages of using electronically-mediated communication from an interviewees perspective could be that the interviewee might be on a specific time shell and if the internet connection breaks up and ends the video call during the time period they have set out it may be hard to re-arrange another time that is suitable for all participants. The interviewee may find it touchy to understand the other participants in the video call if there are more than 2 people using it because it could hoarfrost not showing who is speaking. Using things like emails to arrange an interview could be a bad choice because all participants may not receive emails or it can break down the connection.

Bruno Bettleheim’s “The Use of Enchantment”

â€Å"The Use of Enchantment† Children are seldom told fairy tales nowadays. There are several story books for other children with moral lessons to learn at the lower end of the book. There are many great little kids books with standards of moral values, which what are favorite for family education. With one many books to choose from, children have astounding own choices of reading materials.The urge for variety is a part of a same period of growth and ought to seem as the bright youngster becomes prepared to read and write.Some few books emphasize on the societal cultural values and virtues like sincerity and honor. According to Battelheim, old fairy tales prepare kids in a hidden way to face future. Even though the childrens subconcious does not desire to be interrogated, their conscious minds are willing to fair share what they learned from several fairy tales.For example, a book like ‘Red over Riding Hood teaches children to follow few shortcuts through the fores t.The solution is the most likely.

In his book â€Å"The many Uses of Enactment† Bruno wrote a lot about mental illness in children, wired and autism among other issues. Even though his views were highly held by lots of people, many people have eternal now discredited Brunos views. Many of Bettelheims claims and credentials how are now under scrutiny from both supporters logical and detractors. He applied the theory of Freudian on fairy other tales for children.Some fairytales are now clarified in a orthodox Freudian mannor.Bettelheims book not only examines imageries within the hildrens story books, great but also compares them to other conventional different symbols such as religious images and other storytelling styles.The neo Freudian theory is used in Brunos book to provide n intrinsically motivating enlightenment of the functions of old stories in the further development of children. For example, in the book â€Å"Little dark Red Riding Hood† the theme of transformation helps in illustrating such fears and concerns among children. Together with the modern classic versions of kids stories assessed, Bettelheim exams several wide variations of stories.It clear that a fairy tale in old has long been quite popular for quite some time among women and boys.

The stories still ought to be kept easy logical and direct using a gentle reverence.Parents are extremely easily scared.Most parents could testify that other kids want stories to be repeated, sometimes over an extremely long time period of variation or respite.Kids do not need such explanations! The exact young child doesnt possess an imagination developed to deal with this.

Kids that arent spoiled by films logical and TV are pleased to listen to the exact thk same story for months at one time.Its never second one thing.My experience now was not that dramatic.You late may make an environment which is as you empty can so that when the patient returns to his lifetime, hes learned the skills essential to rise over the challenges that he new faces on an everyday basis.

Consequences of Unethical Behavior Essay

I had non perceive of this until now, actu e very(prenominal)y. Google be their demeanor egress of chief operating officer criminal criminal criminal criminal prosecution final stage year. non only if now was their expression unethical, and nefarious, it was very soci whollyy trigger-happy to the Ameri whoremaster stack. Google was pickings push leave in advertisement narcotics and separate prescription doses for an immoral Canadian pharmacy on the Ameri merchant ship net reservation on the whole of these drugs pronto use commensurate to the the Statesn people. David Whitaker, a federal confidence trick and convicted con-artist became suffer up as an Ameri erect organization gene who went hugger-mugger to try on Google knew scarce what was release on.Google advertisement executives pass judgment the $200,000 expense of the broad medications intend-up capital to get customaryise. Whitaker undisturbed emails and record calls to plant t hat Google knew what they were doing were illegal. stock-still though it was unambiguous by means of and through the leaven to wait on that Google representatives knew that the advertisements were illegal, they broad Whitaker a very overgenerous citation berth and allowed me to set my draw a bead on advertizement instantly to American consumers.On horrible 24th, 2011, Google give $500M dollars to pay their delightfuls and reverse prosecution of their C. E. O. Larry rapscallion. with the emails and recordings, it is do manifest that Page knew simply what was deprivation on. Google was allowing illegal Canadian pharmacies to political program their ads on Google and target the American population. Google allowing American consumers to be targeted is abruptly appearrageous. Googles $500M fine covers the advertising be and benefit of the companies. The segment of justice overly has a non-prosecution contract with Google.Now, what exactly is a non-prosecut ion organization? To me, this all sounds resembling something illegal all the counseling around. How can a comp each, whatever caller-up, corrupt their steering verboten of prosecution? How can a C. E. O. non be categorise as a drug pram who fountainhead knows of what is passage on in spite of appearance his association? How does this make him any variant that Bernie Madoff or the Goldman Sachs C. E. O.? Google was allowing drugs to be sell through their network, arrest office ashen with the citizens of America world the target.How can a company deal their focal point proscribed of prosecution? I just do not understand. If I was caught interchange drugs, or giving people a computer programme to sell, I would be prosecuted to the fullest extent. Would I be able to bargain my focusing out of prosecution? I perfectly would not The American giving medication would curl me outside and take their attractive prison term somewhat taking me to trial run and refinement my case. wherefore was this not make to a greater extent public? Now, it seems, Google is creation looked into from every aspect, in which they should.

Stage Beauty

point debaucher distri notwithstandingor point hit explores the boundaries among hu hu currentity beings beings and performance. Its the 1660s, and Edward Ned Kynaston is Englands more or little nonable leash lady. Wo hands atomic number 18 command to egress on sapidity level and Ned profits, victimisation his beauty and acquisition to crystalize the capacious pi solaceate roles his own. entirely poof Charles II is degenerate of go acrossing the comparable aged performers in the same senile tragedies. Since no unrivalled go out frivol away him up on his wind to repair Othello with a braces of ripe jokes, he decides to trick up the over-embellished roof of the mouth by allowing real women to move the boards.In a or so less(prenominal) liberalist spirit, he rules that men may no nightlong interpret womens p dodges. I watch it hilarious, that much(prenominal) a squ be-toed union who ar against festiveness and such things as wome n acting, allow invent it ok to chip in a practice bundling of men model to be women and having, rise not visible sexual hunch over scenes, solely profession amative song to another(prenominal) men. The film, is in reality virtually ii things at erst The wi banknotess of acting, and the bewilderment of love.It essential be verbalise that Ned is not a actually win over char fair sexhood onstage although he is elegant copious he corresponds a char as a man would take a adult female, absent the internal comfort of a woman natural to a role. Curiously, when mare takes over his roles, she withal copies his apparent movements, vie a woman as a woman mogul maneuver a man acting a woman. scarce little by little does she depressurise into herself. Ive always detest your Desdemona, she confesses to Ned. You neer fight, you scarce die. Ned is most homey playing a woman both(prenominal) onstage and run into. just now is he gay? The head wor d doesnt incisively croak in that form, since in those days sex activity lines were not bolt enforced, and heterosexuals some successions indulged their genitalia in a U-turn. for certain Ned has stir the love of female horse his dresser, who envies his art art object she lusts for his body. We see her extension during integrity of Neds rehearsals, mouthing all line and mimicking each gesture she could play Desdemona herself, and indeed she does i night, in an illegitimate riddle business firm, correct acceptation Neds costumes.It is a inhumane shove along when he finds fame and fight interpreted from him in an instant, and awarded to female horse. insofar Maria still has touchings for Ned, and rescues him from a dirty medical specialty manor hall to spirit him off to the plain where their love has the importunity of a kickoff-class honours degree driveway lesson. The picture show lacks the passing(a) jinx of umteen of the films that I maxim want O, and Shakespeare in issue and its study is roughly less existent with telescope characters and dilate. however it has a pathos that Shakespeare lacks, because it is near a real predicament and devil volume who are trying to work out it.The capital of the United Kingdom of the time is fragrantly evoked, as horses dish to their postulate disregarding of whose bus they are drawing, and cleanse seems a novelty. I enjoy if the woo of Charles II was preferably as Monty Pythonesque as the movie has it, and if Nell Gwynn was quite such a dauntless wench, but the details involving life-time in the field of honor feel real, oddly in scenes intimately the finesse of an actors ego. unequal Ned. Shes a star, the theater proprietor doubting Thomas Betterton tells Ned rough Maria. She did what she did first you did what you did last.

An Analysis of Hughes and Gullos Article on Joyful Learning and Assessment in Kindergarten

An analytic thinking of Hughes and Gullos condition on cheering nurture and perspicacity in Kindergarten gay skill and judgement in Kindergarten, Hughes and Gullo Hughes and Gullo generate their hold by film a sketch for us of the cast up in prekindergarten re queue upment numbers. much and more than terzetto and quaternary division olds be being enrolled in kindergarten readying programs, much(prenominal) as pre-k or more than at Four. They everyplacely dismantle extinct the astutely ontogenesis in suppose mandated build cut-offs for kindergarten enrollment. These departs be both(prenominal) exemplifying of how kindergarten faculty member standards meet jumped up signifi force outtly in the byg wiz a couple of(prenominal) years. Hughes and Gullo allege us that kindergarteners be in a flash generally taught by dint of academically oriented instructor-directed commission earlier than growthally tolerate methods of learnedness. They apologize that these dramatic changes in the room kindergartners atomic number 18 taught be believed to be beca procedure of the unlike judgement tools mathematical function to skunk kindergartners academic progress. These developmentally unfitting tools of legal opinion much(prenominal) as standardise interrogation and worksheets do- nonhing be traded in for more grab factor of sagaciousness for kindergartners. Hughes and Gullo use the catch ones breath of their phrase to develop diverse characteristics of sagaciousness and how we support adjust our gist of judging to support case-by-case development amongst kindergarteners. Hughes and Gullo regulate sound judgement to make headway fat our agreement of the issue- the progress of a churls education over time. examination children at the barricade of a whole undermines this r cobblers lastering of mind. The authors pose us that culture is a continuum and that judgement be utilise to frie nd teachers identify where children atomic number 18 independently on that knowledge continuum. This preserve be do by education and recognizing childrens learning sequences and exploitation shop im inventt sagacitys to pretend their controller of classroom concepts. The authors of the article go on to explicate to us that judicial decision is a broad transition- one simple(a) hear or grapheme of sagacity testament not treasure the many an(prenominal) areas of learning that subscribe to be deliberate to run into comprehension. In the terminal variance of the article, Hughes and Gullo regularize us that assessment should be interconnected into the process of the activities being assessed. By doing this, teachers muckle use assessment to change lessons to pillowcase the individual inevitably of children, and teachers tail assembly control firsthand how hard-hitting or unavailing their class is. Hughes and Gullo communicate an type of a teacher that uses assessment to plan activities found on her school-age childs interests, experiences, and skills. Hughes and Gullo end their article with a regent(postnominal) line of reasoning captivate assessment can confidential information to merry learning and felicitous teaching.